Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association International Journal of New Chemistry 2645-7237 12 4 2025 03 01 Neurotransmitters and Mental Health: Understanding the Chemical Underpinnings of Psychological Disorders 825 841 721466 10.22034/ijnc.2025.721466 EN Hayat Samaripour Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 02 25 <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-weight: normal;">Neurotransmitters play a pivotal role in regulating brain function and are fundamental to understanding the biochemical basis of mental health. This review explores the intricate relationship between neurotransmitter systems and psychological disorders, shedding light on how imbalances in these chemical messengers contribute to conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others. By examining key neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate, this paper highlights their roles in mood regulation, cognition, and behavior. Furthermore, it discusses the latest advancements in research linking neurotransmitter dysregulation to genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. The review also evaluates current therapeutic approaches targeting neurotransmitter systems, such as pharmacological interventions and emerging treatments like neuromodulation. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying gaps in the literature, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the chemical underpinnings of psychological disorders and inform future directions for research and clinical practice.</span> https://www.ijnc.ir/article_721466_eb9c7c6046220950d07087dec47cfd7b.pdf