International Journal of New Chemistry
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Surface Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Some Potentially Toxic Metals in Ogun River, Nigeria

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

CHRISTIAN CHINWEUBA ONOYIMA 1
Olalekan Babatunde Adesina 2
Elaoyi David Paul 3
Friday Godwin Okibe 4

1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, NIGERIA POLICE ACADEMY, WUDIL, NIGERIA

2 National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria

3 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

4 Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijnc.2024.2044091.1419
Abstract
Freshwater resources face global threats from anthropogenic pollution, posing human health and ecological risks. The water quality of Ogun River was assessed using the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WWQI), The Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI), the Heavy Metals Pollution Index (HPI), and the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI); the Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic risk assessment of some toxic metals through oral and dermal exposures was carried out. The heavy metals were measured with the Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). The results from all the evaluation indices show that the River is highly polluted at all sampling stations and in all seasons. WWQI and HPI show that the water quality decreased from the dry to the rainy season due to a rise in heavy metal levels. At the same time, WQI indicates that the level of the physicochemical parameters decreased from the dry to the rainy season. Cd and Pb posed significant non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) through oral exposure to adult and children populations at all locations, accounting for 98.27 % of the total risk. There was a significant cancer risk (CR >110-4) through oral exposure to Pb and Cr for the adult populations at 31.25 % and 62.50 % of the sampling locations respectively, while oral and dermal exposure to Cd posed a significant cancer risk for the adult and children populations at all the sampling locations. The river's water quality is impacted mainly by heavy metals, which pose significant human health risks.

Keywords

heavy metals
water quality index
risk assessment
pollution
carcinogenic
Subjects
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International Journal of New Chemistry
Volume 12, Issue 3
Winter 2025
Pages 340-367

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