Neurotransmitters and Mental Health: Understanding the Chemical Underpinnings of Psychological Disorders

Samaripour, Hayat

doi:10.22034/ijnc.2025.721466

Neurotransmitters and Mental Health: Understanding the Chemical Underpinnings of Psychological Disorders

Document Type : Review

Author

Hayat Samaripour

Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/ijnc.2025.721466

Abstract

Neurotransmitters play a pivotal role in regulating brain function and are fundamental to understanding the biochemical basis of mental health. This review explores the intricate relationship between neurotransmitter systems and psychological disorders, shedding light on how imbalances in these chemical messengers contribute to conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others. By examining key neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate, this paper highlights their roles in mood regulation, cognition, and behavior. Furthermore, it discusses the latest advancements in research linking neurotransmitter dysregulation to genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. The review also evaluates current therapeutic approaches targeting neurotransmitter systems, such as pharmacological interventions and emerging treatments like neuromodulation. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying gaps in the literature, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the chemical underpinnings of psychological disorders and inform future directions for research and clinical practice.

Keywords

Neurotransmitters

Mental health

Psychological disorders

Brain chemistry

Neurobiology

Subjects

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